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1985-11-19
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∙ ∙
∙ W O R D S AND I M A G E S ∙
∙ ∙
∙ The STEN Graphix Area ∙
∙ ∙
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WORDS and IMAGES is a new area of STEN in which I'll deal with
anything connected with getting graphics onto the screen or paper. This
will cover 'how to' articles describing how particular screens and images
were created, reviews of graphics-related software, round-ups of recent
clip art, and interviews with people involved in the graphics side of
computing.
The purpose of this area is to try and inspire users to make more
use of the graphics capabilities of their machines. We're very fortunate
in having a wide range of clip art and PD art programmes available for
the ST, and I hope to dispel the myth that you have to be an 'Artist' to
create art. As William Morris said, "There is no special type of man
called an artist; every man is his own special type of artist."
To start off, here are reviews of a very unusual clip art viewer and
manipulator - JCView'- an article describing how to photograph the
screen in living colour and, at the end of this file, 'Deskjet Corner'.
Deskjet Corner will contain reviews and tips for the Hewlett Packard
range of inkjet printers. This might sound a little esoteric, but the
deskjet is rapidly becoming the mid-range standard for ST users, and a
wide range of utilities and information exist for it. I aim to give them
the coverage they deserve.
John Weller
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∙ ∙
∙ JCVIEW - A Clip Art Manipulator ∙
∙ ∙
∙ Reviewed by JFW ∙
∙ ∙
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One of the problems with clip art is that there's nearly always some
alteration that you'll want to make to it before you can use it. And you
only find that out when you're in the middle of a project.... You have
to drop out of whatever you're doing, load up an art programme, trim out
the clip you want, alter it, resize it, box it, add lettering, or
whatever, save it, and then go back to where you left off. What's needed
is a graphics programme that contains all these functions, and nothing
else.
JCVIEW v2.1 is just such a programme. It's a very stylish PD
utility, written by John Charles, that will make the life of anyone who
regularly uses clip art a lot easier. It needs 1 Meg of RAM and a mono
monitor to run, although I assume that it would run perfectly well under
a mono emulator. The programme comes with a comprehensive instructions
file, but is so easy-to-use that it hardly needs it.
After booting you are presented with a very nicely drawn credits
screen that lists the version of the programme and the snailmail and BB
adresses where the author can be contacted. Clicking a mouse button
takes you to a Gem'ed work area with drop-down menus for all options.
JCVIEW can load any mono picture in the following file formats:
Degas *.PI3 Degas Elite *.PC3
STAD *.PAC Tiny Stuffed *.TN3
Sticker *.ADD Printmaster *.SHP
Macpaint *.MAC Doodle *.DOO
Tiny Stuffed *.TNY (hi-res only)
Public Painter *.DOO
Public Painter Compressed *.CMP
Public Painter double Screen *.PIC
GEM Image *.IMG
And can save finished files as:
1) *.DOO (a screen of data with no colour information)
2) *.PI3 (A screen of data with colour information (Degas style)
3) *.IMG (A picture file larger than one screen.)
Up to four pictures can be loaded into memory and sections can be
cut out of each and moved from screen to screen. A separate workscreen
area (the 'Build' screen) is also provided as a work area, or as a way of
compiling (and saving) your own selection of clips onto a page.
The tools provided are: Invert colour, clear, tranfer screen to work
area, set size of work area, set printer (9-pin, 24-pin or Deskjet 500),
print, cut/paste clip, erase clip, cut and move clip, flip clip
horizontaly or verticaly, rotate clip by 90 degrees, add solid or dashed
positioning grid, rubber-band, magnify, set line size and style, pencil,
line, draw frame, draw polygon, ellipse, add border to work page, and
undo. In addition, you can choose which font/s to load, and where to add
text onto the screen. I think you'll agree that this includes everything
that you'd need to produce a nicely-altered piece of clip art for
most purposes!
This is a very well-written and stylishly presented programme that
all graphics enthusiasts should have in their utilities collection.
Contact either the ST Club or Floppyshop PDL to order your copy.
(Addresses and 'phone numbers are in the 'Recommended PD Libraries' file)
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∙ ∙
∙ PHOTOGRAPHING THE ST SCREEN ∙
∙ ∙
∙ by David Fright ∙
∙ ∙
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When I have produced the odd masterpiece on the ST I have often
wondered how it could be photographed without being distorted by the TV
or Monitor screen... transmission lines and all that technical stuff.
So remembering my days as an amateur photographer, I got down my trusty
old single lens reflex (SLR), dusted off my most recent copy of Amateur
Photonut (1969) and set to work doing a David Bailey on a diskfull of NEO
pics.
I won't bother to tell you all the steps I took, just to say that it
was a total disaster as far as good photos were concerned. But I did
learn something, so the second time around went something like this...
A tripod is a must, unless you can nail your camera to your forehead
without it interfering with your eyesight. Also recommended is a remote
shutter release - (that wire-in-a-sleeve gadget which fits into the
camera's equivalent of the firebutton on a joystick) - to prevent
vibration from clumsy fingers firing the shutter.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~ Good photographers do it in the dark ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
As you are attempting to photograph transmitted light you do not
want ambient light to interfere with the image bursting forth at
fantastic speed from your ST. So turn the lights out and adjust the
brightness, contrast and colour controls to give you an image which is as
bright as possible without causing too much flare.
When you have light colours on a dark background this is
particularly noticeable. Well it is if you look! but do remember - We
often only see what we want to see (ask any packaging designer). Look
critically at every part of the screen and then just before you press the
button, have one more look and try to imagine that someone else set it up
and has asked you to approve it for them. When you are satisfied that the
TV or Monitor's controls are right, then it's time to adjust the camera
controls.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~ It's better done slowly... ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This is where I went wrong at first. Thinking that the screen had to
be shot as quickly as possible to freeze it, was wrong thinking. Most 35
mm SLR cameras have a Focal Plane shutter which works on a system which
gives a variable size to the opening of what might be described as a pair
of roller blinds. We must make sure that the shutter is fully open for as
long as the screen takes to build up.
No doubt there is a Mathemagician or two out there who could quickly
write a short routine to tell us how long that is, in the meantime I can
tell you that I got the best results at 1/30th of a second almost
regardless of the aperture size (F number). Obviously the aperture size
will help in focusing but with such a small depth of field it should
present no problem whatever size you use.
The light meter which I used was a TTL (through the lens) meter but
any good quality meter will do the job and with the opportunity to adjust
the level of light from the screen and a speed of 1/30 we do not have to
use any particularly fast and grainy film. The result from 100 ASA (21
DIN) negatives for coloured prints was excellent; transparencies are just
as successful.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~ ...and from a distance ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you have a choice of lenses for your camera then I would suggest
something in the region of 100 mm focal length, which will help to lose
the 'barrel' effect caused by the convex nature of the screen. However,
if you are stuck with the bottom of a milk bottle as your standard lens
(usually 50-55 mm) then all is not lost ! Don't use the whole of the
screen for your masterpiece, chart or whatever. Simply create a slightly
smaller rectangle within the centre of the screen and you will find that
the distortion is less. This doesn't mean that you will have a smaller
finished photo..just bring the camera in a bit and fill the frame with
what you have (Wait a minute.... not too close or you'll get distortion )
It's a good idea to have something with which to make sure that the
camera is square on to the screen. This is easily done using an art
package to draw diagonals crossing at screen centre then through the
viewfinder, centralise the camera and line up the edges of camera and
screen. It may be useful to draw some rectangles visible just inside the
image area of the viewfinder. Don't be surprised if it's impossible to
line them up exactly, a lot depends on the available equipment. I got
very good results using an EL Cheapo TV from Dixons and my twenty-year
old SLR (come to think of it, even the film was out of date).
Finally, don't forget to keep your prints with your holiday snaps.That
way without a screen in sight you will be able to turn the conversation
to 'POOTERS just when your unsuspecting neighbours think that you are
about to bore them to death with something else.
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Thanks, David! I've had very good results in the past from a
Practika BC-1 on a tripod, using a 135mm lens and Kodak Ektar 25 film.
The lens should be stopped down to about f4.
The important things are that the camera's on a tripod and square to
the screen, and that the shutter speed's slow enough. A colour TV
redraws the screen fifty to sixty times a second, so any shutter speed
slower than 1/30th second will register an entire screen.
If you're using a 135mm lens, then position the tripod about five
foot away from the screen. This helps to 'flatten' it and reduce
distortion.
To work out the exposure, set the aperture to about f4 and then take
a reading through the lens. Bracket your shots around the exposure it
suggests - if it gives 1/4 second then make exposures at 1/2 second, 1/4
second and 1/8 second. It's not the most elegant way of doing it, but at
least you can guarantee that one of the shots will be spot-on.
I'd recommend that you use a slow film, like Kodak's Ektar 25, so
that you get the finest grain and best possible image, although you can
get perfectly good results from 100 ASA.
To sum up: use a 135mm lens, with the camera on a tripod, square to
the screen and five foot away, f4 aperture, and a slow film (25 - 100
ASA).
JFW
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∙ ∙
∙ DESKJET CORNER ∙
∙ ∙
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System Insight in Hertfordshire sent me an info sheet recently
warning that Hewlett Packard have announced price increases across the
range of Deskjet cartridges. They will supply cartridges and refills at
the current prices until the end of March. If you're feeling rich then
'phone System Insight on 0727 827200.
A much much cheaper option would be to contact John Brumwell of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne and order a few of his ink-only refills. John claims
that these are the same inks as are used by Inkmun in their refill kits.
The main difference is that an Inkmun double refill kit from System
Insight would cost you £14.98, whereas a single refill from John will
cost you £3.00. I've used one of his black ink refills for two months
now with no problems at all, and John claims that he has been refilling
his own cartridges with them for two years now.
The ink comes in an opaque medicine bottle and your first order will
include a hypodermic syringe and broad needle, plus a pair of very sexy
latex gloves. Contact:
John Brumwell, 32, Redhall Drive, Cochrane Park,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE7 7LH.
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∙ ∙
∙ HPCHROME AND BJCHROME REVIEWS ∙
∙ ∙
∙ a follow-up to STEN #11 ∙
∙ ∙
∙ by Martyn Dryden ∙
∙ ∙
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I was very pleased to read reviews of both my programs HPChrome and
BJChrome in STEN #11. (For new readers: these programs perform colour
separated printing of DEGAS and NEOchrome pictures on ink-jet printers,
for colour printing by running multiple passes with coloured ink
cartridges.)
Both reviews were generally positive, and this is not only
gratifying for me, but also an encouragement to continue with my
programming efforts. And so are the registration fivers that appear from
time to time - each individually appreciated, I assure you.
To assure you that I take all comments seriously, and have noted
them for future developments, I'd like to answer some of the questions
raised in the reviews.
One thing I'd like to add, that wasn't covered in the reviews, is
that HPChrome supports H-P's colour DeskJets, as well as standard
DeskJets with the colour kit. So, if you have a Deskjet 500C, or the new
550C - or if you're tempted by either of them - then HPChrome is the one
program that will justify your purchase.
In his kind review of BJChrome, John Ash queried the accuracy of the
'Time left' display. The numbers displayed here are, in fact, just an
estimate of how much longer the remaining rows of the print pass will
take. The estimate is based on the number of rows printed so far and the
time taken to print them. The reasons why this may not be 100% accurate
are, first, it is only updated every 16 (HPChrome), 24 or 48 (BJChrome)
rows, and secondly, it assumes that the current average rows-per-second
will be maintained.
The latter will almost certainly not be true, because at the start
of printing, the printer can accept data just as fast as the program can
send it, but within a short time the printer's buffer will be full, and
thereafter the printer only accepts data at the speed at which it can
print it.
Furthermore, both programs will skip over rows that contain no data,
and HPChrome will, if possible, use data compression to reduce the print
time. Both factors make the true time impossible to predict accurately.
However, I think this is reasonable, because they do make printing quite
a bit faster overall.
The 'Time left' display is really just a best guess, which I thought
was better than no information at all. It's guaranteed accurate when the
number of rows left to print is zero!
John also had a problem with occasional spurious text output and/or
solid colour print. I must admit to a programming error in the first
version of BJChrome which could cause this to happen with certain sizes
of picture - inevitably, not the sizes I used when testing the program.
This bug has been fixed in a subsequent version, which I've sent to John.
As a bonus, this version is also 20 to 30% faster, thanks to some
optimisation in the printing algorithms which wasn't in the first
version.
On the question of whether it's possible to run BJChrome as an
accessory from within programs like Calligrapher, I'm afraid the answer's
No. As mentioned in the review, there is an accessory version of
HPChrome, which works from within DEGAS, and I could fairly easily create
such a version of BJChrome too. But it relies on the fact that DEGAS'
author, Tom Hudson, gave his program the capability to use the GEM inter-
process communication channel (the pipe), and published information
enabling other programs to use it to communicate with DEGAS. Thus my
accessory can find out from DEGAS the locations of its workscreens.
Unfortunately I don't know of any other program than DEGAS that allows
this.
From the feedback I've received from users, DEGAS is no longer the
most popular paint program around, and so I will not put any more effort
into this accessory idea, but instead, concentrate on supporting the
output of the more up-to-date programs.
John Weller in his review of HPChrome suggests that it would be good
if the program worked with a wider range of file types, specifically
.IMG. I have to agree, but why stop at IMG - what about Tiny format,
Spectrum 512/4096, MacPaint, both flavours of PCX, PhotoChrome, the
massive range of GIF pictures, true colour Targa, IFFs, TIFFs, RIFFs, old
uncle ILBM and all?
HPChrome and BJChrome were the first programs I've written that are
capable of picture sizing and positioning, grey-scaling, and colour
separation. Now that I know how to do it, you can be sure I'm not
stopping. Watch for a new flexible picture printing utility early in
1993! And if you think that I may have forgotten your favourite picture
format, then please contact me to make sure I haven't.
Re the use of different paper sizes, it's true that HP/BJChrome
assume an A4 sheet. But on the DeskJet and BubbleJet, the printable area
and the left and top margins are the same for all supported paper sizes
(except envelopes), and so all sizes should work. I'm not sure about
'inputting any odd sizes': the DeskJet physically only supports A4,
Legal, Letter, and Envelope.
Saving your options - yes, it would have been a good feature
wouldn't it? The trouble is, there really are an infinite number of
possible features, and if they were all implemented, then the program
would never reach the user. I'm sure any programmer will recognise the
syndrome. We have to stop somewhere, and get the product out into the
market.
However, I've been very pleased with the favourable reactions to
HP/BJChrome, which certainly do seem to fill a niche in the marketplace
that isn't being catered for by other programs. My fabled all-singing
all-dancing picture publishing program will have more options than you
could shake a stick at, I promise, and they will all be saveable. In
fact there will be an option (which you will be able to save) where you
can choose whether or not to save your options: OK John?
~~~~~eof~~~~~